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What is the working principle of a transformer?

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What is the working principle of a transformer? What is the composition like?

The working principle of a transformer is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which can convert a certain value of AC voltage into another value of AC voltage of the same frequency. At present, various types of transformers are widely used in power, telecommunications, automatic control, measurement and other fields, such as power transformers for transmission and distribution, voltage transformers, current transformers, voltage regulators, etc. used for measurement and testing.

The main structural components of a transformer consist of two basic parts: the iron core and the winding, as well as an oil tank that houses the transformer body and contains transformer oil. It has two sets of coils, namely the primary coil and the secondary coil. The secondary coil is located outside the primary coil. When AC power is applied to the primary coil, the transformer core generates an alternating magnetic field, and the secondary coil generates induced electromotive force. The turns ratio of a transformer coil is equal to the voltage ratio. For example, the primary coil has 500 turns and the secondary coil has 250 turns. When 220V AC power is applied to the primary coil, the secondary voltage is 110V. In addition, transformers can reduce voltage and increase voltage. If the number of primary coils is less than that of secondary coils, it is a step-up transformer, which can increase low voltage to high voltage.

In addition, the structural components of the transformer include insulation sleeves installed on the oil tank cover to lead the winding output end out of the oil tank, and tap changers attached to adjust the voltage within a certain range. It is worth mentioning that the iron core of the transformer is made of a thickness of 0 Made by stacking 35mm silicon steel sheets, the steel sheets are coated with insulation paint and dried to insulate the sheets and reduce eddy current losses.

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Principle of dry-type transformer

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Principle of dry-type transformer

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